نقل قول مستقیم و غیر مستقیم Direct and Reported speech
از فعل های گزارشی مثل say یا tell برای ساختن نقل قول غیر مستقیم استفاده می شود.اگر این فعل در زمان حال ساده است با قرار دادن ‘she says’ و بقیه جمله به شکل مناسب نقل قول مستقیم ساخته می شود.
.Direct speech: I like ice cream
(گفته شده در زمان حال حاضر)
نقل قول مستقیم : من بستنی دوست دارم.
Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
نقل قول غیر مستقیم : او می گوید او بستنی دوست دارد.
زمان جمله تغییر نخواهد کرد اگرچه نیاز داریم تا شخص را از ‘I’ به ‘she’ تغییردهیم همچنین ممکن است ‘my’ را به ‘your ‘ در نقل قول غیر مستقیم تغییر دهیم.
استفاده از that کاملا اختیاری است به همین خاطر آن را در پرانتز قرار می دهیم.
اما اگر زمان فعل در نقل قول غیر مستقیم ، گذشته باشد معمولا زمان جمله غیر مستقیم نیازمند تغییر است.به مثال توجه کنید.
.Direct speech: I like ice cream
(گفته شده در زمان گذشته که نقل قول غیر مستقیم آن را تعریف می کند.)
من بستنی دوست دارم
Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
او گفت که او بستنی دوست دارد.
نقل قول مستقیم و غیر مستقیم Direct and Reported speech
نقل قول مستقیم و غیر مستقیم در زمان های مختلف
Tense: حال ساده
Direct Speech: I like ice cream.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she liked ice cream.
Tense:حال استمراری
Direct Speech:I am living in London.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she was living in London.
Tense:گذشته ساده
Direct Speech:I bought a car.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car.
Tense:گذشته استمراری
Direct Speech:I was walking along the street.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
Tense:حال کامل
Direct Speech:I haven’t seen Julie.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she hadn’t seen Julie.
Tense:گذشته کامل
Direct Speech:I had taken English lessons before.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
Tense:آینده
Direct Speech:I’ll see you later.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she would see me later.
Tense: آینده در گذشته
..Direct Speech:I would help, but
Reported Speech:She said (that) she would help but…
Tense:can
Direct Speech:I can speak perfect English.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
Tense:could
Direct Speech:I could swim when I was four.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
Tense:shall
Direct Speech:I shall come later.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she would come later.
Tense:should
Direct Speech:I should call my mother.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she should call her mother.
Tense:might
Direct Speech:I might be late.
Reported Speech:She said (that) she might be late.
Tense:must
Direct Speech: I must study at the weekend.
Reported Speech: She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend.
نقل قول مستقیم و غیر مستقیم Direct and Reported speech
نکته درباره نقل قول مستقیم و غیر مستقیم Direct and Reported speech
گاها زمانی که حقیقت جمله در زمان حال حاضر جمله مسقیم صدق کند لازم نیست زمان آن را به گذشته در جمله غیر مستقیم تغییر دهیم. بنابرین تغییر آن لازم نیست و می توانیم آن را تغییر دهیم یا ندهیم.
.Direct speech: The sky is blue
آسمان آبی است.
Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.
او گفت که آسمان آبی است / بود.
نقل قول مستقیم و غیر مستقیم Direct and Reported speech
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