Coherence and cohesion در رایتینگ آیلتس
یکی از عوامل مهم در نمره دهی توسط اگزمینرهای رایتینگ آیلتس مربوط به Coherence and cohesion می باشد.
Cohesion به معنای پیوستگی و Coherence به معنای همبستگی و ارتباط است. Cohesion مربوط به ارتباط اجزا یک متن از لحاظ کلمات ربط و گرامر در سطح جمله است در حالی که Coherence مربوط به ارتباط معنایی و ایده های متن به صورت مجموعه ای یکپارچه می باشد و باید متن نوشته یک ایده واحدی را از لحاظ معنایی منتقل کند و به اصطلاح دارای Coherency باشد.
در ادامه عواملی که باعث ایجاد Coherence and cohesion در نوشته هستند را به صورت جدا برسی می کنیم.
Coherency باید در کل نوشته رعایت شود و کل متن دارای Coherency باشد.
Coherence
Coherence دارای بعد گسترده تری می باشد که ساختار نوشته و پاراگراف را منسجم می کند.
Coherence and cohesion در رایتینگ آیلتس
ارتباط معنایی باید در ساختارهای نوشته وجود داشته باشد:
ساختار مقدمه
The introduction tells the reader what the essay is about and what it will do
- General statement about the topic
- Specific statement about the topic
- Thesis statement (what the essay will do)
ساختار پاراگراف
Each paragraph should have one central idea
- Introduce the central idea
- Explain the central idea
- Give an example to illustrate the central idea
- Conclude the central idea
ساختار نتیجه گیری
The conclusion restates the thesis and summarizes what the essay did
- Restate thesis
- Summarize what the essay did
- Give an opinion/recommendation/prediction
The central idea of each body paragraph should be linked back to the thesis statement in your introduction and should be reiterated in your conclusion.
Coherence and cohesion در رایتینگ آیلتس
Cohesion
This is how well your ideas follow from one to the next with seamless and logical transition. As you develop your paragraph, your ideas must be related to each other and they should be logically linked with referencing and linking words.
Referencing words (لغات مرجع)refer to pronouns, like this, these, it, etc. You can use these to link an idea in one sentence to an idea in the previous sentence.
Another way to connect ideas is to use linking words (لغات ربط) .
These are words like however, on the other hand, for example, therefore, etc. But be careful! Like salt and pepper, you should use these sparingly. To score above a 7, you should not include more than two of these kinds of words in your paragraph. Overusing them will bring your coherence and cohesion band score down.
Coherence and cohesion در رایتینگ آیلتس
مثال:
Here are some examples that illustrate the importance of connecting your ideas more effectively in writing.
The hotel is famous. It is one of the most well-known hotels in the country. The latest international dancing competition was held at the hotel. The hotel spent a lot of money to advertise the event. Because the hotel wanted to gain international reputation. But not many people attended the event. (The connection of ideas is not very good.)
The hotel, which is one of the most well-known hotels in this region, wanted to promote its image around the world by hosting the latest international dancing competition. Although the event was widely advertised, not many people participated in the competition. (The connection of ideas is better than in the first example.)
The latest international dancing competition was held at the hotel, which is one of the most well-known hotels in this region. The hotel spent a lot of money on advertising the event since it wanted to enhance its international reputation; however, it failed to attract many people. (The connection of ideas is better than in the first example.)
Coherence and cohesion در رایتینگ آیلتس
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