رایتینگ آیلتس

Transition words در انگلیسی

Transition words در انگلیسی

کلمات واسطه یا Transition words : این کلمات لغات و عبارات و جمله ها را به هم متصل می کند و به خواننده کمک می کنند تا از یک ایده به ایده دیگر به راحتی پیش رود بنابراین باعث انسجام کلی متن می شوند.کلمات واسطه برای اهداف مختلفی استفاده می شوند و ضروری هستند.

در تقسیم بندی های زیر یک کلمه ممکن است شامل چندین دسته شود ولی ما فقط آن را در مربوط ترین دسته قرار دادیم.بنابراین یک همپوشانی وجود دارد.

زیاد مهم نیست که بدانید که کدام کلمه جزء کدام دسته است بلکه معنی و کاربرد کلمات مهمتر است.

1- برای بیان تشابهات و موافقت و همچنین اضافه کردن اطلاعات و تقویت ایده ها از کلمات زیر استفاده می کنیم.

Agreement

Addition

Similarity

in the first place

again

moreover

not only … but also

to

as well as

as a matter of fact

and

together with

in like manner

also

of course

in addition

then

likewise

coupled with

equally

comparatively

in the same fashion / way

Identically

correspondingly

first, second, third

uniquely

similarly

in the light of

like

furthermore

not to mention

as

additionally

to say nothing of

too

 

equally important

 

 

by the same token

 

 

 

2-برای بیان مخالفت و محدودیت و تضاد از کلمات زیر استفاده می شود.Transition words در انگلیسی

Opposition

Limitation 

Contradiction

although this may be true

but

although

in contrast

(and) still

instead

different from

unlike

whereas

of course …, but

or

despite

on the other hand

(and) yet

conversely

on the contrary

while

otherwise

at the same time

albeit

however

in spite of

besides

rather

even so / though

as much as

nevertheless

be that as it may

 

regardless

then again

 

notwithstanding

above all

 

 

in reality

 

 

after all

 

 

 

3- برای بیان علت و شرط و هدف از کلمات زیر استفاده می کنیم.

Cause

Condition

Purpose

in the event that

If

in case

granted (that)

… then

provided that

as / so long as

unless

given that

on (the) condition (that)

 

only / even if

for the purpose of

when

so that

with this intention

whenever

so as to

with this in mind

while

owing to

in the hope that

 

inasmuch as

to the end that

because of

due to

for fear that

as

 

in order to

since

 

seeing / being that

while

 

in view of

lest

 

 

4- برای بیان مثال، پشتیبانی و تاکیید از کلمات زیر استفاده می کنیم.

Examples 

Support

             Emphasis

in other words

notably

in fact

to put it differently

including

in general

for one thing

like

in particular

as an illustration

to be sure

in detail

in this case

namely

for exampl

for this reason

chiefly

for instance

to put it another way

truly

to demonstrate

that is to say

indeed

to emphasize

with attention to

certainly

to repeat

by all means

surely

to clarify

 

markedly

to explain

 

such as

to enumerate

important to realize

especially

 

another key point

explicitly

 

first thing to remember

specifically

 

most compelling evidence

expressly

 

must be remembered

surprisingly

 

point often overlooked

frequently

 

to point out

significantly

 

on the positive side

particularly

 

on the negative side

 

 

with this in mind

 

 

 

Transition words در انگلیسی

5- برای نشان دادن تاثیر،پیامد،نتیجه از کلمات زیر استفاده می کنیم. همچنین علت   (cause/reason) بعد از for  و  because قرار می گیرند.

Effect 

Consequence

Result

as a result

for

consequently

under those circumstances

thus

therefore

in that case

because the

thereupon

for this reason

then

forthwith

in effect

hence

accordingly

 

 

henceforth

 

6-برای نتیجه گیری،خلاصه کردن و بیان دوباره از کلمات زیر استفاده می شود.همچنین از کلمات دیگر مثل therefore از دسته قبلی می توان برای خلاصه کردن استفاده کرد.Transition words در انگلیسی

Restatement

Summary

Conclusion

by and large

after all

as can be seen

to sum up

in fact

generally speaking

on the whole

in summary

in the final analysis

in any event

in conclusion

all things considered

in either case

in short

as shown above

all in all

in brief

in the long run

 

in essence

given these points

Obviously

to summarize

as has been noted

Ultimately

on balance

in a word

Definitely

altogether

for the most part

 

overall

 

 

ordinarily

 

 

usually

 

Transition words در انگلیسی

7-از کلمات زیر برای ترتیب و محدودیت در زمان و تعیین محدوده زمانی استفاده می کنیم.

Sequence

Chronology

Time 

henceforth

after

at the present time

whenever

later

from time to time

eventually

last

sooner or later

meanwhile

until

at the same time

further

till

up to the present time

during

since

to begin with

in time

then

in due time

prior to

before

as soon as

forthwith

hence

as long as

straightaway

since

in the meantime

 

when

in a moment

by the time

once

without delay

whenever

about

in the first place

 

next

all of a sudden

until now

now

at this instant

now that

 

first, second

instantly

formerly

immediately

presently

suddenly

quickly

occasionally

shortly

finally

 

8- برای مکان از لیست کلمات زیر استفاده می کنیم.

Place

Location

Space

further

here

in the middle

beyond

there

to the left/right

nearby

next

in front of

wherever

where

on this side

around

from

in the distance

between

over

here and there

before

near

in the foreground

alongside

above

in the background

amid

below

in the center of

among

down

 

beneath

up

adjacent to

beside

Under

opposite to 

behind

 

 

across

 

 

 

Transition words در انگلیسی دارای قاعده پانکچویشن خاصی هستند.

a semicolon or a period is used after the first ‘sentence’, and a comma is almost always used to set off the transition word from the second ‘sentence’.

 

Example 1: 
People use 43 muscles when they frown; however, they use only 28 muscles when they smile.

 

Example 2: 
However, transition words can also be placed at the beginning of a new paragraph or sentence – not only to indicate a step forward in the reasoning, but also to relate the new material to the preceding thoughts.

Use a semicolon to connect sentences, only if the group of words on either side of the semicolon is a complete sentence each (both must have a subject and a verb, and could thus stand alone as a complete thought).

مطالب مرتبط 

دانلود پکیج کامل رایتینگ

دانلود پکیج های خود خوان self-study 

ثبت نام کلاس آنلاین زبان انگلیسی

نوشته های مشابه

دیدگاهتان را بنویسید

نشانی ایمیل شما منتشر نخواهد شد. بخش‌های موردنیاز علامت‌گذاری شده‌اند *

دکمه بازگشت به بالا
بستن